Turkey and The Turkish Language

Introduction

Turkey is one of the important countries to which foreign students want to study in Turkish universities, and there are tens of thousands of foreign students, especially Arabs who are considering studying in Turkey, especially in colleges of medicine, dentistry and important engineering.

Turkey is a country that occupies a unique geographical location; Where it lies at the crossroads of Caucasus, Balkans, the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean, most of which extend in Asia, and part of it extends to Europe, and its importance has been known since ancient times as a bridge between the two continents. Turkey is among the largest countries in the region in terms of land size and population. Where the area of ​​its lands is greater than the area of ​​any European country, and it includes a peninsula in the form of a rectangle from Asia Minor, known as Anatolia, and includes in the east a part of a mountainous region sometimes known as the Armenian highlands, while the rest of the country, which is Thrace of Turkey, is located in the part The Far Southeast of Europe, which is a small vestige of the empire that spanned a large part of the Balkans in the past, and Ankara is the capital of Turkey, and the largest city and port there is Istanbul.

Geography of Turkey

Turkey is located in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean in southeastern Europe, and southwestern Asia, bordered to the north by the Black Sea, to the west by the Aegean Sea, and Greece and Bulgaria are neighboring countries to the west, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east, either from The south is bordered by Syria and Iraq, and from the north and northwest by Russia, Ukraine, and Romania, the Dardanelles Strait, the Sea of ​​Marmara, and the Bosphorus divide the country, but its center is a treeless plateau surrounded by mountains.

The most important regions in Turkey

There are many historical sites in Turkey, examples of which are the ruins of Ephesus and Ani dating back to the period of the Roman and Armenian Empire, in addition to Mount Nemrut, which was designated by UNESCO on the World Heritage List; This is because it contains statues of large stone deities, and its importance as a shelter and tomb, and the rock formations of Cappadocia, and houses dug in stone are one of the most important attractions in Turkey; Where it is characterized by an amazing scene of caves and underground cities, which were formed by the erosion of volcanic plains, while Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, it is the cultural capital of the country, in addition to being the only major city in the world located on two continents. Istanbul's old city is distinguished by Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, and historical sites such as Hagia Sophia, the Basilica, and various mosques. Istanbul is also famous for its markets, such as the Grand Bazaar, which displays unique handicrafts and local foods such as the convenience of Turkish haloum and tea, while the capital Ankara contains many Landmarks such as Anit Kabir, Mausoleum of Kemal Ataturk, and Ankara Castle

History of Turkey

The migration of the Greeks to Anatolia began in 1200 BC; Where they seized the city of Byzantium, then the Persians conquered the area around 550 BC, and it became part of the Achaemenid Empire in the following centuries. In order to wrest control from them, the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great, upon assuming power, led his army to Anatolia, and after his death the region became part of the republic Roman, then the Roman imperial capital was transferred to Byzantium by Constantine, and its name was changed to Constantinople after the ruler, which is known today as Istanbul, and when the Roman Empire divided, Constantinople became the capital of the Byzantine Empire, then the Ottoman Empire seized Constantinople in 1453, and continued to expand It spread in Africa and along the Red Sea.

The power of the Ottoman Empire began to weaken in 1700, and it lost its lands and power over the following centuries. Finally, the empire was dissolved in 1920 during the conflicts of the First World War, then the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 with the Treaty of Lausanne, and the capital was transferred to Ankara, and it was the first Its president, Mustafa Kemal, who worked to create a secular state with women's rights, and on June 26, 1945 Turkey joined the United Nations and became a multi-party, democratic country.